How Do You Spell BCR ABL PROTO ONCOGENES?

1. BCR-ABL proto-oncogenes, also known as the Philadelphia chromosome, refers to a specific genetic rearrangement found in certain types of cancer cells, particularly in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is a fusion gene created by the translocation of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the abnormal formation of a fusion protein called BCR-ABL.

   The BCR-ABL fusion gene is the consequence of a chromosomal abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromosome, which occurs when a piece of chromosome 9 and a piece of chromosome 22 break off and switch places during cell division. As a result, the ABL proto-oncogene from chromosome 9 is fused with the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene from chromosome 22.

   This genetic fusion leads to the production of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which has constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. Tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and division. When BCR-ABL is activated, it continuously stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, leading to uncontrolled growth and division of cancer cells.

   The presence of BCR-ABL proto-oncogenes in cancer cells has important clinical implications as it serves as a therapeutic target. Targeted drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), specifically inhibit BCR-ABL activity and have revolutionized the treatment of CML and certain forms of ALL. These drugs have significantly improved patient outcomes and survival rates, transforming CML from a fatal disease to a chronic manageable condition.

Common Misspellings for BCR ABL PROTO ONCOGENES