The submaxillary salivary gland, also known as the submandibular salivary gland, is one of the major salivary glands located in the human body. It is found beneath the lower jaw, on either side of the mouth, just below the mandible. The term "submaxillary" refers to its position below the maxilla bone.
These glands are responsible for the production and secretion of saliva, a colorless fluid that aids in the process of digestion and oral hygiene. Saliva helps to moisten and lubricate food, making it easier to swallow, and also contains enzymes that begin the break down of starches and fats.
The submaxillary salivary gland is a compound tubuloalveolar gland, meaning that it consists of many tiny secretory units known as acini, organized into lobules. These acini produce the saliva, which then drains into a series of ducts. The main duct, called Wharton's duct, leads from each gland to the floor of the mouth, specifically underneath the tongue.
Like other salivary glands, the submaxillary salivary gland is regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic stimulation increases the production of saliva, while sympathetic stimulation decreases it. The gland plays an essential role in maintaining oral health and comfort, providing moisture and protective substances for the oral cavity. Dysfunction or disease of these glands can lead to dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, and an increased risk of dental problems.
