Secondary Empty Sella Syndrome is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement or emptying of the sella turcica, a small depression in the skull where the pituitary gland is located. It is considered a secondary condition because it arises as a result of an underlying problem or disease.
Empty Sella Syndrome itself refers to the condition in which the sella turcica appears empty or partially empty on imaging scans, due to the thinning or complete absence of the sella diaphragm, the membrane that usually keeps the pituitary gland in place. Secondary Empty Sella Syndrome occurs when this phenomenon is caused by an underlying condition rather than being the primary issue.
The underlying causes of Secondary Empty Sella Syndrome can vary, but they usually involve increased pressure within the skull, such as from conditions like a traumatic brain injury, brain surgery, tumor, or cerebral spinal fluid leakage. It can also result from hormonal imbalances, such as with hypothyroidism or adrenal insufficiency, or from treatment with medications that affect hormone levels.
The consequences of Secondary Empty Sella Syndrome may involve dysfunction of the pituitary gland, which can lead to a range of symptoms depending on the hormones affected. These may include abnormal growth, weight changes, reproductive difficulties, fatigue, loss of libido, and other symptoms associated with hormonal imbalances.
Diagnosis of Secondary Empty Sella Syndrome is typically confirmed through imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scan. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, if possible, and managing any hormonal imbalances or symptoms that arise as a result. Regular follow-up and monitoring by a healthcare provider is typically recommended to ensure proper management of the condition and to address any potential complications.
