Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of depression that occur at specific times of the year. It is classified as a specific subtype of major depressive disorder. SAD typically begins and ends at the same time each year, usually during the fall and winter months, although it can also occur during the summer season for a few individuals.
The exact cause of SAD is not fully understood, but it is commonly believed to be related to changes in light exposure and circadian rhythms. Reduced sunlight during the winter months may disrupt the body's internal clock, leading to a decrease in serotonin levels in the brain, which can contribute to depressive symptoms. Symptoms of SAD often include feelings of sadness, fatigue, loss of interest in activities, social withdrawal, increased need for sleep, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating.
Treatment for SAD typically involves light therapy, wherein individuals are exposed to bright artificial light to simulate natural sunlight, often in the morning. Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may also be prescribed. Additionally, lifestyle changes, such as increased physical activity, maintaining a healthy diet, and practicing stress reduction techniques, may be beneficial in managing symptoms of SAD.
It is important to seek professional help if experiencing symptoms of SAD, as early intervention and appropriate treatment can significantly improve one's quality of life during the affected seasons.
