PURKINJE CELLS Meaning and
Definition
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Purkinje cells are a type of neuron located in the cerebellum, a region of the brain responsible for motor coordination and balance. Named after their discoverer, Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyně, these cells are some of the largest and most complex neurons in the human brain.
The morphology of Purkinje cells is characterized by a large, flask-shaped cell body with multiple dendrites that extend outward like a tree. These dendrites form an intricate, fan-like structure known as the dendritic tree, which receives input from other neurons. From the cell body, a single axon emerges and extends into the cerebellar cortex.
The main function of Purkinje cells is to transmit information from the cerebellar cortex to other parts of the brain and spinal cord. They are involved in the integration and coordination of motor signals, playing a crucial role in fine-tuning movements and maintaining balance. They receive input from two types of neurons in the cerebellum: the granule cells and the climbing fibers.
These cells are characterized by their distinctive firing pattern, which involves a complex sequence of electrical impulses. Their firing rate and pattern can be modulated by various factors, including sensory input, motor output, and synaptic activity.
In summary, Purkinje cells are a vital component of the cerebellum, facilitating the coordination and modification of motor signals. Their unique morphology and firing pattern enable them to integrate and transmit information, contributing to precise motor control and balance.
Common Misspellings for PURKINJE CELLS
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Etymology of PURKINJE CELLS
The word "Purkinje cells" is named after the Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyně. In the early 19th century, Purkinje made significant contributions to the field of neuroscience, particularly in the study of the cerebellum. He was the first to describe these large, distinctive cells found in the cerebellar cortex, now known as Purkinje cells. In recognition of his contributions, they were named after him, and the term "Purkinje cells" has been used ever since.
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