The term "plexus mesentericus superior" refers to a complex network of nerves located in the mesentery of the abdominal cavity. The mesentery is a fold of connective tissue that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.
The plexus mesentericus superior, also known as the superior mesenteric plexus, encompasses a dense formation of autonomic nerves from the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. These nerves arise from the celiac ganglia, a cluster of nerve cell bodies situated near the origins of the celiac trunk, and supply several vital abdominal structures.
The primary function of the plexus mesentericus superior is to provide innervation to the small intestine, ascending colon, and transverse colon. It aids in the regulation of blood flow, peristaltic movements, and digestive activities in these organs. Additionally, the plexus contributes to the control of secretory functions and visceral sensation in these regions.
Pathological conditions affecting the plexus mesentericus superior can lead to various clinical manifestations. For instance, disruptions in its nerve supply may result in disorders such as intestinal dysmotility, malabsorption, or abdominal pain. Disorders of the plexus can be caused by factors like trauma, infection, or conditions like Crohn's disease or intestinal ischemia. Treatment options for plexus mesentericus superior-related conditions typically involve addressing the underlying cause and managing symptoms through medical interventions or surgical procedures.
