Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an abnormal production of immature white blood cells. This condition occurs when the DNA of blood cells undergoes mutations, causing rapid and uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.
Leukemia can be classified into different types based on the rate of progression and the type of white blood cells affected. The four main types include acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
Symptoms of leukemia may vary depending on the type and stage of the disease, but common signs include fatigue, frequent infections, unexplained weight loss, easy bruising or bleeding, and bone or joint pain. Diagnosis often involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, and imaging tests to determine the presence of abnormal cells.
Treatment options for leukemia depend on the type and stage of the disease, as well as the age and overall health of the patient. They may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, or stem cell transplantation.
Leukemia requires ongoing medical supervision and management. Prognosis can vary depending on various factors, such as the type and stage of leukemia, response to treatment, and the individual's overall health. Early detection and prompt treatment can significantly improve the chances of remission and long-term survival for individuals with leukemia.
