Hepatic Alveolar Echinococci, also known as hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE), is a rare and potentially life-threatening parasitic infection that affects the liver. It is caused by a tapeworm called Echinococcus multilocularis, which primarily infects wild animals such as foxes and rodents.
The infection occurs when humans accidentally ingest the eggs of the tapeworm, usually through contaminated food or water. Once inside the body, the eggs hatch and the larvae begin to invade the liver. Over time, the larvae form small fluid-filled sacs, known as alveoli, which gradually grow and spread throughout the liver tissue. This leads to the destruction of liver cells and the formation of tumor-like masses.
Symptoms of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis initially mimic those of other liver conditions, such as hepatitis or liver cancer. These may include abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue, and jaundice. As the infection progresses, more severe symptoms may develop, including organ failure and abdominal mass.
Diagnosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis usually requires a combination of imaging techniques, such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scans, as well as serological tests to detect specific antibodies against the tapeworm.
Treatment often involves a combination of surgical removal of the infected liver tissue, if possible, and long-term anti-parasitic medication to kill the remaining larvae. In some cases, liver transplantation may be necessary if the infection has caused irreversible damage to the liver. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis and preventing complications associated with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.
