CIDP stands for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. It is a neurological disorder characterized by inflammation and damage to the peripheral nerves, affecting multiple nerves in the body. The term "chronic" refers to the condition being long-lasting, while "inflammatory" indicates the involvement of inflammation, and "demyelinating" signifies the damage to the protective covering of the nerves called myelin. "Polyneuropathy" suggests that multiple nerves are affected.
CIDP typically presents with a progressive weakness, numbness, and tingling sensations in the limbs, usually starting in the legs and gradually involving the arms. These symptoms may be accompanied by muscle wasting, impaired coordination, and difficulty in walking. In some cases, CIDP may also cause autonomic dysfunction, resulting in fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate, as well as bowel and bladder dysfunction.
The underlying cause of CIDP remains unclear, but it is widely believed to be an autoimmune disorder, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own peripheral nerves. Diagnosis of CIDP involves a comprehensive evaluation of symptoms, as well as nerve conduction studies and other specialized tests.
Treatment for CIDP generally involves the use of immunomodulating medications, such as corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), to suppress the immune response and reduce inflammation. Other therapeutic options may include plasma exchange and the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial to manage symptoms, prevent disability, and improve the quality of life for individuals living with CIDP.
