Cancer of the sigmoid, also known as sigmoid colon cancer, is a specific type of colorectal cancer that develops in the sigmoid colon, which is the lowermost part of the colon located right above the rectum. The sigmoid colon is a curved segment of the large intestine that connects the descending colon to the rectum.
Cancer of the sigmoid occurs when abnormal, uncontrollable growth of cells form a tumor within the sigmoid colon. This tumor may gradually invade the surrounding tissues and metastasize to other organs if left untreated. Risk factors for developing cancer of the sigmoid include older age, a family history of colorectal cancer, a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and a diet high in red or processed meats and low in fiber.
Symptoms of cancer of the sigmoid may include rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain or cramps, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. However, these symptoms can be similar to other gastrointestinal conditions, so a proper diagnosis usually requires further investigation through colonoscopy, biopsy, imaging tests, and blood tests.
Treatment options for cancer of the sigmoid depend on the stage, location, and spread of the cancer but often involve surgery to remove the tumor and potentially some surrounding tissues. Additional treatments may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Prognosis and survival rates vary depending on various factors, such as the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis, overall health, and individual response to treatment. Regular screening and early detection are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing mortality rates associated with cancer of the sigmoid.
