BETZS CELLS Meaning and
Definition
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Betzs cells are a type of large pyramidal neurons found in the primary motor cortex of the brain, specifically in the layer V of the cerebral cortex. These neurons are named after the German neurologist Vladimir Betz, who first described them in 1874.
Betz cells are characterized by their distinct morphology, as they possess a triangular or pyramidal soma with a single large apical dendrite extending from the apex. This dendrite branches profusely within the cortex. These cells also have numerous basal dendrites that extend horizontally from the base of the soma, forming an extensive dendritic arborization.
Functionally, Betz cells are crucial for the initiation and execution of voluntary movements. They are part of the corticospinal tract, a descending motor pathway that directly connects the motor cortex to the spinal cord. Betz cells send long, myelinated axons that descend through the internal capsule, pyramidal tract, and finally synapse with lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. This direct connection allows for fine motor control, as the activity of Betz cells can modulate the activity of muscles in the body.
The loss or dysfunction of Betz cells is associated with various neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and stroke. These conditions can lead to a loss of voluntary motor control and muscle weakness, highlighting the vital role played by Betz cells in motor function.
Common Misspellings for BETZS CELLS
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Etymology of BETZS CELLS
The term "Betzs cells" is named after Wladimir von Bechterew, a Russian neurologist, and Vladímir Alexándrovich Betz, a Russian anatomist. They both made significant contributions to the study of the nervous system.
Vladímir Alexándrovich Betz conducted research on the structural organization of the brain and made important observations about the large pyramidal cells found in the precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex. These cells are involved in motor control and are responsible for initiating voluntary movements.
As a way to honor Betz's work, the large pyramidal cells found in the primary motor cortex were named "Betz cells" or "Betzs cells". The term has been widely used in neuroscience to describe these specific types of neurons.
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