The term "Antigen Antibody Complex" refers to a molecular association that forms when an antibody binds to an antigen. An antigen is any substance that elicits an immune response in an organism, such as a foreign invader like a virus, bacteria, or other microorganisms. Antigens can also include substances produced by the body itself, such as tumor cells or blood group antigens. On the other hand, antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen.
When an antibody encounters its corresponding antigen, they bind together to form an antigen-antibody complex. This complex is essential for the immune response, as it helps identify and neutralize the antigens. The binding occurs due to the complementary shape between the antigen and the antibody, similar to a lock and key mechanism.
Once the antigen-antibody complex is formed, it can activate various immune responses. These responses include tageting the antigen for destruction by immune cells, such as phagocytes, activating the complement system to enhance immune response, or signaling to other cells to trigger an immune cascade.
Antigen-antibody complexes play a crucial role in diagnostic tests, such as antibody assays or immunoassays, where they are used to detect the presence or concentration of specific antigens or antibodies in biological samples. They are also utilized in therapeutic applications, such as monoclonal antibody therapies or vaccines, to induce and strengthen immune responses against specific antigens.
