Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antibodies targeting specific proteins located in the basement membranes of the kidneys and lungs. This condition is also known as Goodpasture's syndrome.
The glomerular basement membrane is a crucial component of the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units of the kidneys, and plays an essential role in maintaining normal kidney function. In individuals with anti-GBM disease, the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that attack the basement membrane, causing damage and inflammation.
The most common symptoms of anti-GBM disease involve the kidneys and lungs. Kidney-related symptoms may include blood in the urine, proteinuria (excess protein in the urine), decreased urine output, and swelling in the legs and ankles. Lung involvement can result in coughing up blood, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
Diagnosis of anti-GBM disease typically involves blood and urine tests to detect the presence of anti-GBM antibodies. Additionally, a kidney biopsy may be performed to examine the damage to the glomeruli.
Treatment for anti-GBM disease usually involves a combination of immune-suppressing medications to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage to the kidneys and lungs. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in anti-GBM disease to prevent permanent kidney damage and complications. Regular monitoring of kidney function and close follow-up with healthcare providers are essential for managing this condition.
