Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medications commonly used to treat various cardiovascular and kidney conditions. They work by reducing the activity of an enzyme called angiotensin converting enzyme, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.
ACE inhibitors are primarily prescribed to patients with hypertension (high blood pressure), as they effectively lower blood pressure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor, meaning it constricts blood vessels, leading to increased resistance in the blood vessels and elevated blood pressure. By inhibiting angiotensin II production, ACE inhibitors cause blood vessels to relax and widen, reducing blood pressure.
Furthermore, ACE inhibitors are also beneficial in the treatment of heart failure, diabetic kidney disease, preventing kidney damage in patients with diabetes, and improving survival rates after heart attacks. Besides their blood pressure-lowering effects, ACE inhibitors can reduce the amount of work the heart has to do and improve blood flow.
Common examples of ACE inhibitors include drugs like lisinopril, enalapril, and ramipril. These medications are typically taken orally in tablet or capsule form.
It is important for patients to take ACE inhibitors as prescribed by their healthcare provider, as sudden discontinuation can lead to rebound hypertension. As with any medication, ACE inhibitors may have side effects, including a persistent cough, dizziness, low blood pressure, and kidney dysfunction. Consultation with a healthcare professional is crucial to determine the appropriate use and timing of ACE inhibitors.
